The personality of Quaid-e-Azam changed the fate of the Muslims in South Asia.He compelled the British as well as the Hindus to partition India.Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25, December,1876 in Karachi.His father, Poonja Jinnah was a merchant.He got his early education at home.At the age of ten,he was sent to the Sindh's Madrassat-ul-Islam High School Karachi.After passing his matriculation,he went to London for higher education.There he joined Lincoln's Inn College(now university) to get the education of law.On his return,he started practicing law at Bombay(Mumbai) in 1896.He also began to take part in politics.He participated in the sessions of Anjuman-e-Islam Bombay and Congress.In 1906,he participated in the session of the Congress to be held at Bombay as a Muslim representative.On the persuasion of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Syed Wazir Hasan,he joined ALL-India Muslim League in 1913.Afterwards,he got busy with changing the course of history of the Muslims.His intellectual politics eradicated the British Colonialism.After the Pakistan came into being , He was appointed the first Governor General of Pakistan.He died on 11,September,1948 in Karachi and was buried there.
Services Rendered by Quaid-e-Azam.
1)Under Lucknow Pact,Quaid-e-Azam united both of the nations(The Hindus and the Muslims)in 1916.He got the right of separate electorates for the Muslims acknowledged and got the title of Ambassador of Peace.
2)He along with Hindu leader,Gokhale demanded new constitutional reforms in 1913.Again in 1919,his efforts the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms are of great significance.
3)In 1919,Sir Sydney Rowlatt got an act passed.It was named as The Rowlatt Act.It was a black law.The administration was given unlimited powers and the civil rights were trodden upon.Quaid-e-Azam raised his voice against it.He wrote to the Viceroy Lord Chelmsford,"In my opinion,the government that passes or sanctions such a law in times of peace forfeits its claim to be called a civilized government."
4)In Delhi-Muslim proposals in 1927,Quaid-e-Azam withdraw the right of separate electorate and gave an indication to co-operate with the Congress but it could not be fulfilled.
5)He rejected Nehru Report in 1928 and presented his Fourteen Points in 1929 which determined the goal of the Muslims.
6)He participated in the Round Table Conferences(1930-31)and maintained the national identity of the Muslims.
7)He injected a new life into the dead body of Muslim League in 1935-36 and guided the freedom movement.
8)In 1937 Congress, on account of majority,formed ministries in 7 out of 11 provinces and tried to inflict injuries to the Muslims socially and politically.Quaid-e-Azam used his political foresight and faced these conspiracies gallantly.At last,Congress resigned from ministries.Therefore,on 22, December,1939 , Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for Indian Muslims, to observe the day as a "Day of Deliverance" and thanksgiving as a mark of relief.
9)In October 1937,Quaid-e-Azam was unanimously accepted as leader in the Muslim League Session at Lucknow.After it,Quaid-e-Azam toured the length and breadth of the country on emergency basis.
10)In his address at Minto Park(Now Iqbal Park),in the session of Muslim League he explained the Two-Nation theory that became the basis of Pakistan.
11)From 1940 to 1945 , on one side he made many efforts for reconciliation between the Government and political parties,and on the other side ,between the Muslim League and the Congress.Among them,Cripps Mission,Jinnah-Gandhi Talks and Simla Conference are worth-mentioning.
12)It was the fruit of his efforts that the Muslim League met with success in 1945-46 Elections.He made all the conspiracies of the Hindus and the British unsuccessful.At last,Lord Mountbatten presented 3rd June , 1947 Plan promising to establish Pakistan and Pakistan came into being on 14th August , 1947.
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