Sugar industry is one of the most vital industry in Pakistan.Pakistani sugar industries are producing large amount of sugar for country demands.Sugar industries of Pakistan are playing very important role in Pakistan,because Pakistani people are using large amount of sugar every day,in making of tea for their breakfast.Pakistan's 80% people are using sugar for making tea.Tea is very popular among Pakistani people,they love it.Sugar is naturally present in most of the green plants and fruits.It is formed through a natural process called photosynthesis.Two main sources of sugar are sugarcane and sugar beet.And sugar is mostly made by sugarcane.Sugar is stored in the stalks of sugarcane.Sugarcane contains fructose,glucose,sucrose,fibres,water and some other materials.From ingredients of sugarcane ,sucrose is extracted in white crystals,and this is called sugar.Most of sugar mills are located near fields,because the rind and nodes of the canes are separated.Then cane is crushed by crusher and juice is extracted leaving the bagasse.Juice is passed through strainers to remove straws and the bagasse.Then impurities are removed from juice so that strained,purified juice is obtained.Purified juice that contains water,sucrose and some other impurities is sent to evaporator for the removal of surplus water.The obtained syrup is changed into concentrated syrup for raw sugar.Then from concentrated syrup,white sugar is obtained.In process of evaporation the juice is heated from 100'C to 110'C.Concentrated syrup is boiled in sugar boiling plant where crystallisation is carried out to the desired size of grains.Then sugar crystals are separated from molasses and washed with steam if necessary.Drying sugar crystals with hot air in dryers is then bagged for marketing.Two more products are obtained during manufacturing sugar.First one is Bagasse which is used as fuel in sugar mills.The surplus is being used in manufacturing of paper,boards and chip boards.Second is Molasses which is mostly exported .A small percentage is used for production of cattle feeds and alcohol.
Synthetic Fibre Industry:
There are two types of fibre first is natural fibre and second is artificial fibre.Natural Fibre is obtained from natural resources like cotton,wool,jute and silk etc.Artificial Fibre,is that fibre which is prepared by the man himself using different raw materials like nylon,rayon,polyester,viscose,acetates and acrylic.These are obtained from petroleum and prepared by different methods.Steel fibre,Teflon fibre,carbon fibre are also fibres.The formation of synthetic fibres includes the process like polymerisation,stretching,reeling,spinning and cutting.
Cotton and Textile Industry:
Textile is the major sector of Pakistan industries.Textile industries of Pakistan are mostly located in Karachi,Faisalabad,Lahore,Gujranwala and Multan etc.Textile industry comprises Spinning section,Garments manufacturing section and Weaving and fabric formation.In spinning process,Cotton bales are sent to the textile mills where cotton fibres are changed into yarn.In Weaving and fabric formation process,Fabric is made from yarn by two methods,first is Weaving and second is Knitting.In Weaving process the fabric is made on looms.In Knitting process,fabric is knitted on machines.First of all,fabric is cleaned,impurities are removed from it and then fabric is dyed or printed.Garments from different fabrics are stitched to make it ready.Here cutting stitching and pressing departments are involved.At the time of independence of Pakistan,textile industry had no base as was the case with almost all industries.Hence Pakistan was entirely dependent upon imported yarn as the handmade looms were insufficient to meet the country demand.But now,major contributions towards the foreign exchange earned by Pakistan comes from textile industry.Pakistan textile industry is one of the vital industry of Pakistan,which is playing very important role in development of Pakistan.
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